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Emblemático caso en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos transformará los derechos de las niñas en la región

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01.28.2020

In the Courts Adolescent SRHR Inter-American Human Rights System News

Emblemático caso en la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos transformará los derechos de las niñas en la región

Justin Goldberg

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El caso establecerá estándares internacionales para proteger el derecho a la autonomía y prevenir la violencia sexual en el contexto educativo

San José- Guayaquil-Nueva York, (PRESS RELEASE). El Centro de Derechos Reproductivos y el Centro Ecuatoriano para la Acción y Promoción de la Mujer CEPAM-Guayaquil presentaron hoy argumentos del caso Paola Guzmán Albarracín contra Ecuador en la audiencia ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en San José de Costa Rica. Es la primera vez que la Corte conoce sobre un caso de abuso sexual contra niñas y adolescentes en el contexto educativo.



Paola Guzmán Albarracín fue víctima de acoso y abuso sexual desde los 14 años por parte del vicerrector del colegio público al que asistía en Ecuador. Producto de esta violencia, Paola quedó embarazada a los 15 años y el victimario le indicó que debía practicarse un aborto en el servicio médico del colegio, allí fue nuevamente víctima de violencia sexual pues el médico le condicionó el procedimiento a cambio de sexo. El 12 de diciembre de 2002, Paola ingirió fósforo blanco -conocido localmente como diablillos- y en camino al colegio informó a sus compañeras, quienes a su vez informaron a las autoridades del colegio. En lugar de llevarla a un hospital, Paola fue forzada a rezar por su alma y pedir perdón a Dios. Horas después, la madre de Paola, doña Petita Albarracín recogió a su hija y la llevó a un hospital público y después a una clínica privada. Paola murió el 13 de diciembre de 2002, días después de haber cumplido 16 años.



El caso fue presentado en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en septiembre de 2006 alegando la responsabilidad internacional del Estado ecuatoriano: por no garantizar el derecho de las niñas y adolescentes a una vida libre de violencias y discriminación, por no garantizar el derecho a la autonomía de las niñas y adolescentes para tomar decisiones sobre sus cuerpos y por no garantizar la justicia de la víctima y sus familiares.



“Todo lo que yo quiero es que haya justicia para mi hija, yo quiero que Ecuador restaure el nombre y la dignidad de Paola”, dijo Petita Albarracín, madre de Paola Guzmán.



“El Centro hace uso del poder de la ley para garantizar que los derechos fundamentales de niñas y adolescentes sean reconocidos y respetados alrededor del mundo”, dijo Nancy Northup, presidenta y CEO del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos”. Añadió: “Estamos luchando para garantizar que la familia de Paola reciba reparaciones, sin embargo, este será un caso muy importante para las miles de niñas alrededor de América Latina y el mundo, que han sido víctimas de violencia sexual en sus colegios y que no tienen acceso a información y salud sexual y reproductiva”.



En el testimonio de hoy de Petita Albarracín, y en las intervenciones de las abogadas, las expertas y la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos se le ha solicitado a la Corte que reconozca que la autonomía y el consentimiento son parte fundamental de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y que reconozca que el consentimiento puede ser viciado por diferencias de edad y poder entre la víctima y el agresor.



“El caso creará estándares internacionales que los Estados de América Latina deben cumplir para garantizar los derechos de las niñas y adolescentes en el colegio, para protegerlas de la coerción y violencia sexual”, dijo Catalina Martínez Coral, directora regional para América Latina y el Caribe del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos, también que “a través del caso de Paola Guzmán Albarracín la Corte se podrá pronunciar acerca del derecho a la autonomía de las mujeres como pilar fundamental de nuestros derechos sexuales y reproductivos”.



La información de la Encuesta de Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Género indica que el 32,7% de todas las mujeres en Ecuador han sufrido violencia sexual al menos una vez en su vida. De acuerdo con UNICEF, en América Latina 1,1 millones de adolescentes entre 15 y 19 años han sufrido violencia sexual al menos una vez en la vida y 1 de cada 3 estudiantes entre 13 y 15 han sufrido acoso sexual en el contexto educativo.



“El caso de Paola Guzmán hará que Ecuador cumpla sus responsabilidades internacionales de derechos humanos, que evalúe sus políticas actuales incorporando cambios estructurales para prevenir, erradicar y sancionar el acoso y el abuso sexual, e implementar mejoras para garantizar que todas las niñas puedan ir al colegio con tranquilidad y que sean escuchadas en las decisiones que afectan a sus cuerpos y a sus vidas”, dijo Lita Martínez, directora de CEPAM-Guayaquil.



 



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