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Histórico: la Corte Suprema de México despenalizó el aborto

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Issues:

Abortion

Regions:

Latin America & Caribbean, Mexico

Type:

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09.06.2023

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean News

Histórico: la Corte Suprema de México despenalizó el aborto

Nat Ray

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Declaración, 6 de septiembre de 2023 – La marea verde en América Latina alcanzó un nuevo hito. En una decisión histórica, la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación de México (SCJN) ordenó eliminar el delito de aborto del Código Penal Federal por considerar que viola los derechos humanos de las mujeres y personas con capacidad de gestar.

Esta decisión, en términos prácticos, significa que las autoridades federales no podrán criminalizar a ninguna mujer o personas con capacidad de gestar que busquen un servicio de aborto en las instituciones de salud federales, en cualquier lugar de México. Además, esta sentencia afirma que el personal de salud tampoco podrá ser criminalizado por prestar este servicio.

La Corte también le ordenó a las instituciones de salud federales —como el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) y el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), entre otras— garantizar el acceso aborto a todas las mujeres y personas con capacidad de gestar que lo soliciten.

Según el concepto de la Corte, “la criminalización del aborto constituye un acto de violencia y discriminación por razón de género, ya que perpetúa el estereotipo de que las mujeres y las personas gestantes sólo pueden ejercer libremente su sexualidad para procrear y refuerza el rol de género que impone la maternidad como un destino obligatorio”.

Esta sentencia fue posible gracias a una estrategia jurídica nacional que incluyó la presentación de amparos a nivel nacional en México. Esta estrategia fue liderada por GIRE, nuestra organización aliada, en coordinación con numerosas organizaciones locales mexicanas. Uno de estos amparos logró, el pasado 30 de agosto, la despenalización del aborto para el estado de Aguascalientes.

Desde el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos, como organización aliada en la promoción y protección de derechos humanos, celebramos el trabajo en conjunto que hizo posible esta nueva decisión. Confiamos en que el Congreso Federal de México pueda cumplir pronto las órdenes de la Corte para derogar el tipo penal de aborto antes de que finalice el presente periodo legislativo y que las autoridades judiciales cumplan con la instrucción de no criminalizar a las mujeres o personas con capacidad de gestar que busquen estos servicios en México.

México, al igual que Colombia y Argentina, avanza así hacia mayores protecciones a los derechos reproductivos, en línea con las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Este organismo especializado en salud pública a nivel global recomienda la despenalización total del aborto y garantizar que este servicio esté accesible a demanda de la mujer, niña u otra persona embarazada.

Este nuevo avance se suma a la reciente sentencia de la Corte Constitucional colombiana que ratificó que en ese país el aborto está despenalizado hasta la semana 24 —como quedó establecido en la sentencia C-055 de 2022, conocida como “Causa Justa”—. Con estas victorias, se reafirma que la marea verde sigue creciendo y expandiéndose en América Latina, logrando mayores protecciones para todas las mujeres y personas trans y no binarias en la región.

América Latina hoy, más que nunca, se consolida como la región con mayores avances en la garantía de derechos reproductivos y como un referente para el norte global. ¡La marea verde seguirá subiendo!

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