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Comité de la ONU determina que Perú debe liberalizar las restricciones sobre el aborto

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Issues:

Abortion, Adolescent SRHR

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Latin America & Caribbean

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12.01.2011

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean

Comité de la ONU determina que Perú debe liberalizar las restricciones sobre el aborto

Justin Goldberg

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Bogotá – En el 7 de noviembre, el Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer (CEDAW)
condenó a Perú por violar los derechos humanos de una mujer adolescente que requería servicios legales de aborto en el país, y
determinó que el Estado debe flexibilizar las restricciones sobre el aborto.



En una decisión histórica emitida hoy en el caso


L.C. c Perú

–

presentado por el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos y PROMSEX– el Comité CEDAW estableció que Perú debe revisar su
legislación, en el sentido de permitirle a las mujeres el acceso a servicios de aborto en casos violación y abuso sexual, establecer un
mecanismo que asegure la disponibilidad de dichos servicios, y garantizar el acceso al aborto cuando la vida o salud de una mujer se encuentran en
peligro -circunstancias en las cuales ya ha sido despenalizado en el país.



“Una vez más, la ONU ha dejado claro que negar el acceso a servicios médicos esenciales, incluyendo el aborto, constituye una violación
de los derechos humanos”, dijo Nancy Northup, Presidenta y Directora Ejecutiva del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “El caso de esta joven ilustra las
consecuencias terribles de que los gobiernos le nieguen a las mujeres el acceso a la gama completa de servicios de salud reproductiva, a los que tienen
derecho. Vamos a seguir presionando a Perú para que salvaguarde los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres no sólo en el papel, sino en su
vida diaria”.



El caso gira en torno a L.C.*, una víctima de violación de 13 años de edad, que quedó gravemente discapacitada después de que
proveedores de salud le negaron un aborto que potencialmente mejoraría sus condiciones de vida. L.C. fue violada en repetidas ocasiones por
diferentes hombres de su barrio en un periodo de cuatro años. Cuando descubrió que estaba embarazada se lanzó desde el techo de una
casa, pero falló en el intento de suicidio. La lesión de columna que sufrió por la caída podría haber sido reparada, pero los
médicos se negaron a realizar la cirugía debido a que el procedimiento podría perjudicar su embarazo. Actualmente, Perú permite el
aborto en casos en que la vida y la salud de la mujer están en riesgo. Pero fue sólo después de que L.C. tuvo un aborto espontáneo,
que los médicos estuvieron dispuestos a realizar la cirugía. El enorme retraso disminuyó dramáticamente el éxito de la
intervención, y como resultado L.C. es ahora cuadripléjica.



“Esta decisión deja claro que en materia de derechos humanos, los Estados tienen la responsabilidad de disipar la creencia tan perjudicial de que
se le debe dar prevalencia a la vida del feto por encima de la salud de la mujer”, dijo Mónica Arango, Directora Regional para América Latina
y el Caribe del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “Obligar a una mujer a llevar a término un embarazo que pone en riesgo su salud física o
mental es discriminación pura”.



La decisión del Comité CEDAW establece específicamente violaciones al derecho a la salud sin discriminación, a la obligación
de eliminar estereotipos de género y al derecho a acceder a reparaciones efectivas. También le ordena al Estado peruano que proporcione a
L.C. medidas de reparación que incluyan una indemnización adecuada y medidas de rehabilitación.



La decisión refuerza una decisión sin precedentes en el caso


K.L. c. Perú


en 2005, del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. En ese caso, el Comité de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas (CDH) decidió a favor de una
joven de 17 años de edad, quien fue obligada a llevar a término un embarazo de un feto con malformaciones incompatibles con la vida
extrauterina, al establecer que negar el acceso servicios de aborto legal viola los derechos humanos más básicos de las
mujeres.



* Las iniciales utilizadas son un seudónimo para proteger la identidad de la cliente.

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