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Las víctimas de violencias reproductivas en Colombia tienen una nueva oportunidad de justicia con el Macrocaso 11 de la JEP

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Latin America & Caribbean, Colombia

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09.28.2023

Latin America & Caribbean News

Las víctimas de violencias reproductivas en Colombia tienen una nueva oportunidad de justicia con el Macrocaso 11 de la JEP

Nat Ray

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28.09.23 (DECLARACIÓN). La Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) de Colombia ha dado un importante paso al abrir oficialmente el Macrocaso 11, que se enfocará en investigar la violencia basada en género, incluyendo la violencia reproductiva, que ha afectado a niñas, mujeres y personas LGBTIQ+ que sobrevivieron al conflicto armado en ese país.

Esta nueva decisión busca avanzar en el reconocimiento de la verdad, la responsabilidad y la determinación de los hechos de violencia basada en género, y cómo estas acciones reflejan las discriminaciones históricas que estas poblaciones han vivido.

Previo a la apertura oficial del caso, la JEP analizó un universo provisional de hechos a partir de informes y bases de datos presentados por organizaciones de sociedad civil y entidades estatales. Allí se encontraron registros de 35.178 víctimas de todos los actores del conflicto, por hechos de violencia sexual, reproductiva y otras violencias de género y por prejuicio, incluyendo situaciones de aborto forzado, anticoncepción forzada, acoso sexual, violaciones, esclavitud sexual y entrega forzada de bebés recién nacidos, entre otros.

Los datos preliminares indican que los hechos ocurridos entre 1957 y 2016 se atribuyen en su mayoría a paramilitares (33%), seguidos por las antigua FARC (5.82%) y agentes del Estado (3.14%). En el 30% de los registros no se ha identificado al responsable, lo que subraya la complejidad del contexto, el subregistro y la falta de información sobre estas violencias.

La violencia reproductiva conlleva la pérdida o disminución de la posibilidad, principalmente de las niñas, adolescentes y de las mujeres de controlar su capacidad reproductiva —entendida como la facultad de las personas de decidir si quieren tener hijos o no y en qué momento, así como el derecho de acceder a información y servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva como anticoncepción, aborto seguro o servicios de salud ginecológica y obstétrica— y, por lo tanto, su curso de vida.

“Las violencias reproductivas ya fueron reconocidas como una forma de violencia basada en género en Colombia por la Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia en su Informe final. Con la apertura del Macrocaso 11, tenemos un nuevo avance en el reconocimiento estas violencias y una oportunidad de superar la impunidad que históricamente han enfrentado mujeres, adolescentes, niñas y personas con orientaciones sexuales, identidades y expresiones de género diversas, quienes han sido víctimas de diversas formas de violencia en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia”, declaró Carmen Cecilia Martínez, directora asociada de Estrategias Legales para América Latina y el Caribe en el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos.

El Centro aportó dos informes a la Comisión de la Verdad en los que se caracterizó este tipo específico de violencia, que fueron incluidos en el capítulo “Mi cuerpo es la Verdad” del Informe Final.

Como organización que promueve el reconocimiento de los derechos reproductivos como un derecho humano, reconocemos la importancia de que la justicia transicional aborde las violencias reproductivas para asegurar reparaciones y garantías de no repetición. Además, celebramos el aporte de numerosas y diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil de Colombia a la JEP en esta búsqueda de verdad y justicia.

Desde el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos celebramos la apertura del Macrocaso 11 y hacemos un llamado a seguir fortaleciendo el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición, para avanzar en la garantía de derechos de las víctimas y sobrevivientes de este conflicto.

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