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A onda verde chega ao Brasil: Supremo Tribunal decidirá sobre a descriminalização do aborto

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Issues:

Abortion

Regions:

Latin America & Caribbean, Brazil

Type:

News, Press Releases

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09.22.2023

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean News

A onda verde chega ao Brasil: Supremo Tribunal decidirá sobre a descriminalização do aborto

Nat Ray

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Declaração, 22 de setembro de 2023 – As mulheres, meninas, pessoas trans e não binárias no Brasil têm uma nova esperança para a garantia de seus direitos. O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) do Brasil iniciou a votação de uma ação que busca descriminalizar o aborto até as 12 semanas de gestação. 

A ação de inconstitucionalidade, conhecida como ADPF 442, visa a examinar a constitucionalidade dos artigos 124 e 126 do Código Penal brasileiro que criminalizam o aborto. A presidente do STF, Rosa Weber, deu luz verde em 19 de setembro para realizar a votação, de forma virtual, entre 22 e 29 de setembro. Isso significa que, dentro desse prazo, os ministros do tribunal emitirão seus votos por escrito. 

A ADPF 442 argumenta que a criminalização do aborto viola os direitos à dignidade, cidadania, não discriminação, vida, igualdade, liberdade, não tortura, e o direito à saúde e planejamento familiar, consagrados na Constituição Federal e nos tratados internacionais e regionais de direitos humanos ratificados pelo Brasil. 

As estatísticas mostram que a criminalização atual, que está em vigor há décadas, não reduziu o número de abortos no Brasil. De acordo com a Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto de 2021, um aborto ocorre a cada minuto no país, ou seja, 1.369 por dia e 500.000 por ano. 

Atualmente, estima-se que 5 milhões de mulheres já tenham feito um aborto, o que equivale a 1 em cada 7 mulheres com menos de 40 anos. Metade delas o fez antes dos 20 anos e a maioria em condições inseguras, pois, de acordo com os dados do Ministério da Saúde, entre 2012 e 2021, apenas 11.837 mulheres puderam acessar o aborto em circuntâncias legais. 

O aborto é um serviço de saúde essencial e, por isso, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomendou a descriminalização do aborto, ou seja, que não seja regulamentado por meio de sistemas penais, mas sim como o procedimento médico que é. 

A criminalização do aborto tem sérias consequências para as mulheres e meninas: atualmente, no Brasil, o aborto em condições inseguras é a principal causa de morte materna no país, e estima-se que duas em cada cinco mulheres que fizeram um aborto foram hospitalizadas após o procedimento. 

Além disso, entre 2014 e 2022, 2.758 mulheres foram criminalizadas por fazerem um aborto, de acordo com o Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Essa criminalização afetou de forma desproporcional as mulheres negras, quilombolas, indígenas e de baixa renda. Nesse contexto, o Comitê de Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas recentemente recomendou ao Brasil que modifique a legislação para garantir o acesso seguro, legal e efetivo ao aborto. 

“O Tribunal tem uma grande oportunidade de estabelecer um precedente que no futuro possa evitar a repetição de casos como o de Menina P., uma criança de 11 anos a quem não foi permitido o acesso à interrupção da gravidez e que recentemente enfrentou sua segunda gravidez, também resultado de violação sexual. Confiamos que o Tribunal tornará possível que o Brasil se junte à Onda Verde latino-americana que recentemente avançou no acesso ao aborto na Colômbia, no México e na Argentina”, afirmou Carmen Cecilia Martínez, diretora associada de Estratégias Legais para a América Latina no Centro de Direitos Reprodutivos. 

O Centro de Direitos Reprodutivos apoia e reconhece as ações de mobilização lideradas por aliadas como ANIS e por um grande número de organizações da sociedade civil locais que, ao longo dos anos, têm trabalhado para impulsionar essa demanda. Continuaremos trabalhando em toda a região para que os direitos reprodutivos sejam reconhecidos como direitos humanos fundamentais. 

Contato para imprensa: [email protected] +18632669846

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