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Senado de Chile Avanza Proyecto de ley que Permitiría la Despenalización del Aborto por Causales

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01.25.2017

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean

Senado de Chile Avanza Proyecto de ley que Permitiría la Despenalización del Aborto por Causales

Justin Goldberg

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Senado de Chile Avanza Proyecto de ley que Permitiría la Despenalización del Aborto por Causales

(COMUNICADO DE PRENSA) Hoy día el Senado de
Chile aprobó legislar sobre el proyecto de ley que permitirá a las mujeres chilenas
acceder al aborto legal y seguro en los casos en que el embarazo suponga un
riesgo para la vida de la mujer, en que el mismo sea consecuencia de violencia
sexual, y cuando existan malformaciones fetales incompatibles con la vida
extrauterina.


El proyecto de ley fue
introducido por la Presidenta Michelle Bachelet en enero de 2015 y fue votado por
la Cámara de Diputados en marzo del 2016 en donde se aprobaron las 3 causales. La
votación hoy en el Senado (20 votos a favor, 15 en contra) fue el último paso
para decidir legislar en general sobre este proyecto. Posteriormente, las comisiones
del Senado discutirán en votación particular los detalles de la ley. , ,


Chile junto a Suriname son los únicos dos
países en América del Sur que prohíben el aborto en todos los casos—incluyendo
en los casos en que el embarazo supone un riesgo para la vida de la mujer.
Actualmente, cerca de 2,000 abortos inseguros ocurren cada año en Chile de
acuerdo con el Guttmacher Institute.


“El Senado ha tomado otro paso crucial para poner fin a la total prohibición legal del
aborto”,
afirmó Lilian Sepúlveda, Vice Presidenta del
Programa Global Legal del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “Demasiadas
mujeres chilenas que deciden terminar con sus embarazos han puesto su salud en
riesgo. Es momento de que Chile
apruebe
este proyecto de ley que apoya a las mujeres y sus derechos reproductivos”.


En 1931, el
Código Sanitario de Chile, legalizó el aborto en casos excepcionales, sin embargo,
en 1989 este servicio médico fue prohibido de manera absoluta. De acuerdo con
la información más reciente del ,Ministerio de Salud Chileno, en 2008, más de
33,000 mujeres fueron hospitalizadas debido a complicaciones relacionadas con aborto.


En junio de
2015, el Comité de las Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos Económicos, Sociales y
Culturales (Comité DESC) hizo un llamado al
Estado chileno para agilizar la aprobación del proyecto de ley que permitiría
el aborto en casos excepcionales. El Comité DESC es el órgano encargado de las
Naciones Unidas de vigilar el cumplimiento del Pacto Internacional de Derechos
Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, un tratado internacional ratificado por
Chile, en virtud del cual éste debe de garantizar los derechos económicos,
sociales y culturales de todas las personas.


En un reporte
elaborado por el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos ante el Comité DESC, la
organización señaló cómo la criminalización absoluta del aborto y el acceso
restringido a la anticoncepción de emergencia en Chile, viola los derechos de
las mujeres a la salud, a la no-discriminación y la igualdad sustancial.


Además, de acuerdo
con un reporte publicado por el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos, en los
últimos 20 años, 35 países han reformado sus leyes restrictivas para permitir
el aborto legal y seguro – una tendencia legal que ha permitido un progreso
significativo en lo que refiere al reconocimiento de los derechos de las
mujeres y la protección de sus vidas, lo cual también incluye la reducción de
las tasas de mortalidad materna en los casos de abortos inseguros. El reporte
fue lanzado junto con el Mapa de ,Leyes sobre Aborto en el Mundo ,– la herramienta más completa
para rastrear las leyes de aborto en todo el mundo.

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