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Brasil da un paso más en la garantía de la salud materna, pero aún no es suficiente 

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Issues:

Maternal Health

Regions:

Latin America & Caribbean, Brazil

Type:

Statement

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10.01.2024

Maternal Health Brazil Statement

Brasil da un paso más en la garantía de la salud materna, pero aún no es suficiente 

Vanesa Restrepo

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Declaración. Octubre 1 de 2024 – El Gobierno Federal de Brasil, con la participación del presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, lanzó la política pública “Red Alyne para la Atención Integral de Mujeres Embarazadas y Bebés”. Esta iniciativa fue presentada el pasado 12 de septiembre, con el objetivo mejorar la atención médica materna e infantil en las zonas rurales y reducir las tasas de mortalidad materna.  

El lanzamiento de esta red es una importante actualización de la “Red Cigüeña” y es un justo homenaje a Alyne da Silva Pimentel Texeira, quien murió en 2002 debido a la falta de atención médica adecuada durante complicaciones en el embarazo y como resultado de un fenómeno estructural de discriminación a mujeres negras y que viven en contextos de pobreza. 

“La Red Alyne es un avance que promueve un modelo de atención integral y humanizada con foco en la reducción de las desigualdades que enfrentan las mujeres racializadas en Brasil. No obstante, queremos señalar que llega casi 20 años después de la muerte de Alyne y que persisten desafíos en la implementación de medidas para que nadie pase por lo mismo”, señaló Catalina Martínez Coral, vicepresidenta regional del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. 

En 2011 el Comité de la ONU para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer (Comité CEDAW) condenó a Brasil por las violaciones de derechos de las que fue víctima Alyne. Esta decisión fue histórica porque por primera vez estableció que los Estados tienen la obligación de garantizar que todas las mujeres accedan a salud materna sin discriminación, de manera oportuna y con calidad.  

El Comité CEDAW ordenó medidas de reparación y medidas de política pública para garantizar servicios de salud materna. En cumplimiento de estas medidas, se creó la mencionada “Red Cigüeña”, y en 2014 se hizo un acto simbólico de disculpas públicas para la familia de Alyne. 

Con la “Red Alyne”, presentada recientemente, el Estado brasileño ha anunciado la asignación de recursos adicionales para mejorar y ampliar la infraestructura para partos de alto riesgo en las áreas con mayores tasas de mortalidad materna. El programa promete promover un modelo de atención integral y humanizada, con foco en la reducción de las desigualdades étnico-raciales y regionales.   

El Centro de Derechos Reproductivos celebra el impacto transformador que el caso de Alyne ha tenido para la salud de miles de personas gestantes en Brasil, un país marcado por racismo y la discriminación estructural. La “Red Alyne” esun paso adelante para reducir las tasas de mortalidad materna y seguimos vigilantes para que su implementación sea efectiva. Brasil debe garantizar  los derechos reproductivos de todas las mujeres y personas gestantes durante sus embarazos, partos y postpartos. 

Sobre el caso

Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira murió en 2002 debido a la falta de atención médica adecuada durante las complicaciones de su embarazo. Ocurrió en una clínica privada de la Baixada Fluminense, Río de Janeiro. La negligencia médica llevó a que Alyne muriera luego de 21 horas sin recibir atención básica de salud y tras haber perdido un embarazo. Alyne era una mujer negra que vivía en condiciones de pobreza, tenía 28 años y la evidencia demostró que su muerte era totalmente evitable. Se fue dejando a una hija de 5 años.  

El Centro de Derechos Reproductivos y Advocaci – Advocacia Cidadã pelos Direitos Humanos presentaron el caso ante el Comité de la ONU para la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer (Comité de la CEDAW). En 2011 este Comité condenó a Brasil por las violaciones de derechos de las que había sido víctima Alyne. La decisión del Comité determinó que el Estado brasilero no le garantizó a ella los derechos a la vida, a la salud y a la no discriminación por género, raza y clase, y que las políticas de salud materna en Brasil no garantizaban el acceso de las mujeres a una atención de calidad durante el parto, en particular de las mujeres negras. 

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