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Perú cierra Investigación Criminal sobre Esterilizaciones Forzadas Masivas

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Issues:

Maternal Health

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01.31.2014

Maternal Health Latin America & Caribbean

Perú cierra Investigación Criminal sobre Esterilizaciones Forzadas Masivas

Justin Goldberg

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Perú cierra Investigación Criminal sobre Esterilizaciones Forzadas Masivas
El Centro de Derechos Reproductivos hace un llamado al Estado por no cumplir con sus obligaciones ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

(Comunicado de
Prensa)
La Fiscalía peruana ha cerrado la investigación contra el ex presidente
Alberto Fujimori y los funcionarios de salud de su administración, involucrados
en las esterilizaciones forzadas masivas de cientos de miles de mujeres,
argumentando que el caso carecía de pruebas suficientes.


De
acuerdo con el Ministerio de Salud de Perú, cerca de 350.000 mujeres y 25.000
hombres fueron esterilizados entre los años 1990 y 2000, bajo el pretexto de
una política de control de la población para hacer frente a la pobreza en el
país, implementada por el gobierno de Fujimori.


Mónica Arango, directora regional para América Latina
y el Caribe del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos dijo:


“Al no procesar a las personas responsables de esta
grave violación de derechos humanos, el gobierno peruano ha dado la espalda a
miles de mujeres esterilizadas sin consentimiento bajo el pretexto de la
planificación familiar, durante el régimen de Alberto Fujimori.


“La esterilización forzada en Perú ha arrebatado a
estas personas su derecho fundamental a decidir si y cuándo tener hijos, y ha
perjudicado desproporcionadamente a las comunidades indígenas y marginadas en
el país. Para estas mujeres el sueño de construir una familia ha sido
aplastado.


“Estas políticas claramente fueron violaciones de
derechos humanos y constituyen un trato cruel e inhumano. Las mujeres de Perú
merecen justicia por lo que se les ha hecho.”


En 1999,
el Centro junto con DEMUS, CLADEM, APRODEH y CEJIL llevaron el caso de María Mamérita Mestanza Chávez vs. Perú
ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH). Los funcionarios de
salud amenazaron con llevar a María Mamérita ante la policía si ella no daba su
consentimiento para ser esterilizada. Debido a complicaciones del procedimiento
médico, su salud se deterioró rápidamente y falleció pocos días después. En la
petición se alegó que el caso de la Sra. Mestanza es uno de los miles de casos
de mujeres afectadas por una política gubernamental masiva, obligatoria y sistemática,
que consistió en la esterilización como un medio para disminuir rápidamente la
tasa de fecundidad, especialmente entre mujeres pobres, indígenas y rurales.


La CIDH
aprobó un acuerdo de solución amistosa en el caso de la Sra. Mestanza el 10 de
octubre de 2003 (Informe No. 71/03). Bajo este acuerdo el Estado se
comprometió, entre otras cosas “a realizar exhaustiva investigación de los
hechos y aplicar las sanciones legales contra toda persona que se determine
como participante de los hechos, sea como autor intelectual, material, mediato
u otra condición, aún en el caso de que se trate de funcionarios o servidores
públicos, sean civiles o militares.”


En 2009,
la Comisionada y Relatora sobre los Derechos de las Mujeres de la CIDH envió
una carta al Estado peruano en la cual expresaba “su profunda preocupación por
el incumplimiento de la cláusula tercera del acuerdo que establece el
compromiso del Estado de realizar una investigación exhaustiva de los hechos y de
aplicar las sanciones legales a toda persona participante de los hechos…” El
Estado peruano afirmó que el 21 de octubre de 2011 la oficina del Ministerio
Público ordenó la reapertura de la investigación sobre la esterilización
forzada de la Sra. Mestanza y otras miles de mujeres durante la segunda mitad
de la década de 1990.


Sin
embargo, en incumplimiento del mencionado acuerdo de solución amistosa, el
Estado peruano cerró las investigaciones, alegando falta de pruebas que apoyen
las afirmaciones de que cientos de mujeres, en su mayoría pobres e indígenas
fueron esterilizadas contra su voluntad. El Centro expresa su preocupación que
esta decisión implica que el Estado peruano dejará impunes serias violaciones
de derechos humanos.

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