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Honduras avanza en garantía de derechos al legalizar la anticoncepción oral de emergencia

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03.23.2023

Press Releases

Honduras avanza en garantía de derechos al legalizar la anticoncepción oral de emergencia

Nat Ray

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Marzo 23 de 2023, (Declaración) – Honduras dio un importante paso en la garantía de los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres con la firma del Acuerdo Ejecutivo 75-2023, con el que se autoriza la libre comercialización y uso de la pastilla de anticoncepción de emergencia, conocida como PAE. El Acuerdo, que fue firmado el 8 de marzo de 2023 por la presidenta Xiomara Castro, señala que desde ese momento la PAE se libera, con lo que se proveerá de manera gratuita en los centros de salud del país, y que las farmacias ya no podrán exigir receta médica para vender ese o cualquier otro anticonceptivo. 

La PAE fue prohibida hace 13 años durante el gobierno de facto de Roberto Micheletti, quien erróneamente la consideró como un método abortivo. En ese momento se desconocieron la evidencia científica y las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que señalan que esta pastilla es un método que previene embarazos, al impedir o retrasar la ovulación, y que no tiene efectos sobre el óvulo fecundado. Es decir, no se tuvo en cuenta que la PAE no es un método abortivo y que su uso se recomienda en el marco de servicios integrales de salud para atender a sobrevivientes de violencia sexual o, incluso, en casos en los que hay fallas de los métodos anticonceptivos tradicionales.

El libre uso y comercialización de la PAE tendrá un impacto positivo y relevante en la vida de las niñas y mujeres en Honduras, pues hoy ese país tiene la segunda tasa más alta de embarazos adolescentes entre los países de América Latina, que en zonas rurales alcanza el 30%. Además, en Honduras persisten altos índices de violencia sexual: solo el año pasado, 2.914 niñas y mujeres denunciaron haber sido víctimas de agresiones sexuales. En ese contexto, la aprobación de la libre circulación de la PAE es una alentadora noticia que sienta bases para que las mujeres puedan acceder a servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva integrales. La libre circulación de la PAE también permitirá remover obstáculos para garantizar servicios de salud de emergencia a todas las mujeres, incluyendo sobrevivientes de violencia sexual. 

La legalización de la PAE es un gran paso en la lucha por la salud y la igualdad reproductiva en Honduras, pues su provisión permite avanzar en la garantía de derechos como la vida, la salud, la autonomía y el derecho a vivir libres de violencias por razón de género, entre otros. Sin embargo, aún queda mucho por hacer para garantizar que todas las mujeres tengan acceso a servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva integrales y de calidad. 

Con el acceso a la PAE confiamos en que nunca más se repitan historias como la de Fausia, una mujer indígena hondureña, víctima de violencia sexual como forma de retaliación por ejercer su labor como defensora de la tierra. El Estado le negó el acceso a la pastilla y luego al aborto, obligándola a asumir un embarazo forzado y una maternidad no deseada. Hacia el futuro, esperamos que ella pueda acceder a reparaciones y se formulen políticas públicas que permitan que los hechos que Fausia sufrió no se repitan.

Por ello, es fundamental que el Estado hondureño tome las medidas necesarias para promover la educación sexual integral; la prevención del embarazo adolescente; así como el fortalecimiento de los servicios de atención y apoyo a las víctimas en los casos de violencia sexual. Asimismo, Honduras debe revisar su legislación vigente, relacionada con la prohibición total del aborto, con miras a adecuar su marco normativo a los estándares internacionales e interamericanos en la materia, incluyendo las recomendaciones de la OMS respecto de poner fin al tratamiento penal del aborto para privilegiar su abordaje desde el ámbito de la salud pública.

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