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Cinco Estados recomiendan al Estado de Costa Rica garantizar el acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva sin discriminación y despenalizar el aborto en los casos de violación ante las Naciones Unidas

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12.09.2014

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean

Cinco Estados recomiendan al Estado de Costa Rica garantizar el acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva sin discriminación y despenalizar el aborto en los casos de violación ante las Naciones Unidas

Justin Goldberg

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Cinco Estados recomiendan al Estado de Costa Rica garantizar el acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva

El Centro de Derechos Reproductivos junto con la organización aliada
local, “Grupo a Favor del In Vitro”, presentaron
un reporte ante el Consejo de Derechos Humanos
(CDH)
de las Naciones Unidas en abril de 2014 para la revisión del Examen Periódico
Universal (EPU) de Costa Rica. Las organizaciones solicitaron al CDH recomendar
al Estado Costarricense: i) tomar las medidas legales necesarias para permitir
el acceso a servicios de salud reproductiva de fertilización in vitro (FIV) para
parejas infértiles sin ningún tipo de discriminación, ii) el cumplimiento de lo
ordenado por la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte
IDH) en el caso Artavia Murillo y otros v. Costa
Rica
, y iii) el cumplimiento de Costa Rica frente a sus obligaciones
internacionales de respeto y garantía de los derechos humanos, relativas a la
garantía de acceso al aborto legal cuando la vida y/o la salud de la mujer se
encuentran en riesgo y la despenalización en los casos de violación. En la
revisión del EPU de Costa Rica en septiembre de 2014, el Estado recibió seis
recomendaciones relacionadas con el acceso a los servicios de salud y aborto.
De estas recomendaciones, cinco países,
incluyendo Bélgica, Suiza, Francia, Islandia y Noruega, solicitaron a Costa Rica

garantizar el acceso a los servicios de salud
sexual y reproductiva sin ningún tipo de discriminación y despenalizar el
aborto, particularmente en los casos de embarazo producto de violación o
incesto
. En respuesta a la solicitud de los cinco Estados, Costa Rica “tomó
nota” de las recomendaciones y argumentó que las observaciones planteadas en
materia de aborto, “van más allá de lo que la legislación
vigente contempla en materia de aborto, por lo que su análisis involucra a
poderes del Estado, como el Poder Legislativo”.



En Costa Rica
las mujeres enfrentan barreras para acceder a los servicios de salud
reproductiva. En particular, en los casos de Aurora
y A.N.,
quienes fueron ,obligadas a continuar con
el embarazo con malformaciones incompatibles con la vida extrauterina, a pesar
que la ley permite el aborto en los casos donde el embarazo genere un riesgo a
la salud de la mujer. Estos casos fueron presentados por el Centro de Derechos
Reproductivos y la “Colectiva por el Derecho a Decidir” ante la Comisión
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH), y actualmente se encuentran
pendiente de resolución. Costa Rica aún no ha creado un protocolo de atención
para interrumpir el embarazo tanto en casos de riesgo para la vida, como para
la salud física y mental de la mujer. Del mismo modo, a pesar que la Corte IDH
estableció que a la luz de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, Costa
Rica viola los derechos humanos de las personas infértiles al prohibir la FIV,
las parejas infértiles aún no pueden acceder a servicios de salud reproductiva
sin discriminación.

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