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Chile Aprueba Histórica Ley que Despenaliza Aborto en Ciertas Circunstancias

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08.21.2017

Abortion Latin America & Caribbean

Chile Aprueba Histórica Ley que Despenaliza Aborto en Ciertas Circunstancias

Justin Goldberg

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Chile Aprueba Histórica Ley que Despenaliza Aborto en Ciertas Circunstancias

(COMUNICADO DE
PRENSA) ,
Hoy el
Tribunal Constitucional de Chile votó 6 a 4 para aprobar un proyecto de ley que
permitirá a las mujeres acceder a servicios de aborto seguros y legales cuando
su vida corra peligro, cuando el embarazo sea el resultado de una violación
sexual, o cuando el feto sufra de malformaciones incompatibles con la vida
extrauterina.







La
presidenta Michelle Bachelet introdujo esta legislación en enero del 2015. El
proyecto de ley sobre aborto pasó en el Comité Constitucional y en el de Salud
dentro de la Cámara de Diputados, así como en el Senado. Sin embargo, poco después
de que el Congreso aprobara el proyecto de ley, los grupos conservadores
interpusieron un requerimiento de inconstitucionalidad. Como resultado, el
Tribunal Constitucional celebró audiencias la semana pasada antes de tomar su
decisión final.


El voto de
hoy del Tribunal Constitucional fue el último paso para que el acceso a
servicios legales de aborto sea una realidad para las mujeres y niñas de Chile.
Ahora el proyecto de ley debe ser firmado por la presidenta Bachelet para su promulgación.


Nancy
Northup, presidenta y directora general del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos,
mencionó:


“Hoy el Tribunal Constitucional chileno ha
defendido a innumerables mujeres y niñas al aprobar este histórico proyecto de
ley para proteger su salud, seguridad y derechos humanos fundamentales”.


“La prohibición extrema del aborto les
roba a las mujeres la capacidad de tomar sus propias decisiones, y obliga a
muchas de ellas a recurrir a abortos inseguros cuando necesitan terminar un
embarazo, enfrentándose al encarcelamiento, e incluso, arriesgando sus vidas”.


,”Felicitamos al gobierno de Chile
por su compromiso con esta importante legislación, y ahora esperamos su rápida
promulgación”.


Aunque el Código
de Salud de Chile de 1931 legalizó el aborto en ciertas circunstancias, una ley
aprobada en 1989 prohibió el aborto en todos los casos, incluso cuando el
embarazo pone en peligro la vida de la mujer. Según el Instituto Guttmacher,
casi 200.000 abortos inseguros ocurren cada año en Chile.


Esta
semana, el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos testificó ante el Tribunal
Constitucional apoyando el proyecto de ley, y presentó un escrito de amicus que demuestra que la legislación
propuesta se ajusta a los estándares internacionales y regionales de derechos
humanos y al derecho comparado.


,”Como chilena, estoy orgullosa de
ver el progreso y la voluntad política de mi país para despenalizar el aborto
en ciertas circunstancias”,
dijo Lilian Sepúlveda, vicepresidenta del Programa Legal Global del
Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “El
Centro está listo para apoyar a las organizaciones chilenas aliadas para que esta
ley se convierta en una realidad para todas las mujeres y niñas”.


En mayo del
2017, la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos -el principal órgano de
derechos humanos en la región- organizó una
audiencia sobre el estado de la reforma de la
ley de aborto en Chile, donde el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos, la
organización Miles Chile y la Fundación Isabel Allende, testificaron ante la
Comisión para pedirle a Chile la priorización de la aprobación del proyecto de
ley.


Según una
reciente encuesta de
Cadem, el setenta por ciento de la población chilena
apoya el actual proyecto de ley sobre aborto. El proyecto de ley cuenta con un
amplio apoyo de organizaciones de derechos de las mujeres en Chile, expertos en
derechos humanos internacionales y regionales y diferentes voces influyentes en
ese país, como la de
Isabel Allende.



Según un informe del Centro publicado en el 2014, en los últimos 20
años 35 países han enmendado sus leyes para ampliar el acceso a servicios de
aborto seguro y legal, una tendencia que ha marcado un progreso para mejorar la
calidad de vida de muchas mujeres, incluyendo la reducción significativa de los
niveles de mortalidad materna que ocurren cuando se practican abortos inseguros.
El informe se publicó junto con el mapa actualizado que el Centro elaboró sobre
Leyes de Aborto, el recurso más completo para rastrear el estado de
las legislaciones sobre aborto en todo el mundo.


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