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Brasil viola los derechos humanos de una mujer en caso de mortalidad materna, Decisión del Comité CEDAW de Naciones Unidas

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08.17.2011

Maternal Health Latin America & Caribbean

Brasil viola los derechos humanos de una mujer en caso de mortalidad materna, Decisión del Comité CEDAW de Naciones Unidas

Justin Goldberg

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Establece que los Estados deben garantizar acceso a servicios de salud materna adecuados

Bogotá, Colombia – La decisión adoptada hoy por el Comité de Naciones Unidas para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer es una victoria revolucionaria para las mujeres en Brasil y en todo el mundo, dice el Centro de Derechos Reproductivos, una organización internacional de defensa legal que promueve los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres. En el primer caso sobre mortalidad materna que se ha decidido en instancias internacionales, el Comité estableció que los Estados tienen una obligación de derechos humanos de garantizar que todas las mujeres en sus países -independientemente de sus ingresos u origen racial- tengan acceso a servicios oportunos, no discriminatorios y adecuados de salud materna. Incluso cuando el Estado delega la prestación de servicios médicos en instituciones privadas, éste mantiene la responsabilidad directa sobre la prestación del servicio y tiene la obligación de regular y monitorear dichas instituciones.“Si bien Brasil ha reducido significativamente el número de muertes maternas, el Estado no está haciendo lo suficiente para salvar la vida de las mujeres pobres, rurales y afro-brasileras que se encuentran embarazadas”, dijo Nancy Northup, presidenta y directora ejecutiva del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “Como potencia mundial emergente y símbolo del desarrollo económico, es hora de que el Estado brasileño enfrente esta problemática y empiece a abordar los marcados contrastes sociales, económicos y raciales que le niegan a las mujeres acceso a servicios básicos de salud”.El caso ante el Comité gira en torno a la muerte de Alyne da Silva Pimentel, una mujer afro-brasileña de 28 años de edad, que tenía un embarazo de alto riesgo y a quien le fue negada atención médica oportuna en los centros de salud pública. Como resultado, Alyne murió después de dar a luz un feto muerto, dejando a su hija de 5 años de edad huérfana de madre. Si en Brasil existiera un sistema básico de atención en salud ,obstétrica, ,Alyne hubiera sobrevivido.“La historia de Alyne es una entre miles en Brasil, y en todo el mundo, en que a las mujeres se les niega, y en algunos casos rechaza, atención médica básica de calidad para el tratamiento de complicaciones comunes del embarazo”, dijo Luisa Cabal, Directora ,del Programa Internacional del Centro de Derechos Reproductivos. “Este caso envía un fuerte mensaje a Brasil y a otros países en todo el mundo, sobre que el acceso a servicios de salud materna de calidad es un derecho fundamental, y que los Estados deben ser responsabilizados si no adoptan medidas para proteger este derecho”. Según la OMS, Brasil ha reducido considerablemente su tasa de mortalidad materna en la última década, pero las estadísticas a nivel nacional ocultan disparidades severas basadas en raza, situación económica, región y la distribución urbana o rural. Demográficamente, las tasas de mortalidad materna son mucho mayores en el Norte y el Noreste de Brasil, en donde se presenta una mayor proporción de pobreza y población rural que en el resto del país. Particularmente, las mujeres afro-descendientes, indígenas, pobres y solteras que viven en las regiones más pobres del país se ven desproporcionadamente afectadas por la mortalidad materna. En este caso, el Comité afirmó que Alyne había sido víctima de múltiples formas de discriminación basadas en su género, su origen racial, y su condición socio-económica.El fallo establece específicamente violaciones al derecho a la salud, al derecho de acceso a la justicia, y a la obligación de debida diligencia en la adopción de medidas apropiadas para eliminar la discriminación contra la mujer, y le ordenó al Estado que:



  • Indemnice a la familia de Alyne, incluyendo a su madre y a su hija,

  • Asegure el derecho de las mujeres a una maternidad segura, así como el acceso a servicios de emergencia obstétrica asequibles,

  • Brinde capacitación profesional adecuada a los proveedores de salud,

  • Asegure que las instituciones privadas de salud cumplan con estándares nacionales e internacionales sobre salud reproductiva, y

  • Asegure que sean impuestas sanciones a profesionales de la salud que violen los derechos a la salud reproductiva de las mujeres.

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